Fighting ended in 1954 with the partition of the country into communist North and non-communist South Vietnam.In 1957, communist rebels in the south, called Viet Cong, rose up. French attempts to retake Vietnam led to war with the communist Vietnamese, called Viet Minh. Japan took control briefly during World War II, and when the war ended with Japan's defeat in 1945, Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Vietnamese Communist Party, declared Vietnam an independent nation. By 1890, however, France had taken over Vietnam. In 1802, a Nguyen lord, with the help of the French, defeated the Trinh and renamed the country Vietnam. By the mid-1500s, Dai Viet was divided between rival kingdoms: the Trinh in the north and the Nguyen in the south. Later dynasties renamed the country Dai Viet and gradually extended their territory south. 939, when a Vietnamese commander named Ngo Quyen organized a revolt that drove the Chinese out. In 111 B.C., Nam Viet became part of the Chinese empire, which ruled the north until A.D. ![]() These northern tribes flourished until 207 B.C., when their region was conquered by a Chinese lord, who established a kingdom called Nam Viet. Vietnam's first civilizations arose in the Red River Valley some 5,000 years ago.
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